How many jelly beans are in a jar

Setting up the paradigm. How do we know there is a God? If anything exists there is a God because you cannot create something from nothing. There had to be an initial force to set the universe into motion. Einstein refers to this force as â€Å"the cosmological constant†. This constant corrected Einstein theory of relativity to explain the movement of the universe. Originally Einstein believed that the universe was static even though his mathematical theories suggested otherwise. It was not until another mathematicianFriedman, solved Einsteinium's equation of general relativity using the cosmological constant. Einstein referred to this mistake as being the â€Å"biggest blunder† of his life. As a human how would I recognize God even if he came and revealed himself to me. For all I know the other worldly being could be Satan. (He is described in the bible as being a beautiful angel) If I could not even recognize God in his presence what hope do I have of finding any dire ction In life. How do we know what is important. Ask enough people. (Belief in a meaning of life)How do we know that we are good.If being good is so important how do we define â€Å"good†. (So we know what it Is that we are trying to do) Being good. How can you remove evil without being evil yourself. The importance of evil and good existing at the same time. (Creates the great struggle) The misconception of trying to â€Å"faith† our way Into heaven. (Why Baptists and Big Bang Atheists are essentially the same) Why should the meaning of life be so hard to find that we have to use faith to explain It. Association between wealth and power. Wealth allows you to have power over another mans will.Any time you arches something with money you are taking something that many people want and deciding that you deserve It for yourself. Wealth allows you to take a larger share for yourself. (Jesus and the rich man) God exists In the â€Å"permanent state of being† (a state of being outside of time where no change occurs), In this realm of existence evil has been abolished by God. So In order to enter this state we also must be free of the evil within ourselves. God Is a being outside of time and Is the perfect embodiment of good. For everything to be good In God's state of being that means evil has to be removed. It Is a requirement.

Chewing Gum

Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to my fellow friends and Madam Nurma. Before I begin my speech, I would like to ask my lovely audience in front of me, have you ever found yourself in a situation where your hair is stuck with bubble gum and you accidentally step on a chewing gum? These situations can be really annoying right? So I decided to study a little about this little critter that everyone thought as a nuisance. Chewing gum was invented in the late 1800’s and we have the Alamo to thank. That’s right. .. Remember the Alamo?After General Lopez de Santa Anna lost the Alamo to the Americans, he figured that he could sell the Americans enough Chicle to raise an army to take back his power in Mexico. Santa Anna teamed up with an American inventor Thomas Adams who tried unsuccessfully to turn chicle into a new rubber for tires. Adams later figured out that with added flavour, chicle was an enjoyable substance to chew and could be sold for little money but big prof it to children. He opened the first gum factory in 1871. And by the 1880’s, the entire United States was stuck on chewing gum.Two other Americans are responsible for the popularity of chewing gum around the world. The first is another inventor, Walter Dimer. According to the book Pop, it is Dimer who dreamed of blowing bubbles with chewing gum. He invented a gum that had the texture that makes blowing bubbles possible. In 1928, the invention of bubble gum catapulted the popularity of chewing gum. The other American responsible for solidifying the popularity of chewing gum is Wrigley, who used advertisement to popularize gum.However, during WWII, the Wrigley Company heard that soldiers used their gum to overcome dry mouths on the battlefield. Wrigley pulled all of its gum off the shelves and donated them to the war effort. Americans returned victorious and after the war it was an everyday event to chew gum. Now that the history is unwrapped, we should chew on the importance of gum. According to the American Dental Association, chewing gum produces more saliva which helps to neutralize acids in your stomach as foods break down and can actually help prevent the breaking down of tooth enamel.As you chew your gum, more saliva enters your mouth and the more likely you are to wash away the bacteria that aids in tooth decay. Chewing sugarless gum for just twenty minutes after eating can help prevent tooth decay and can save the enamel on your teeth. Although this is no substitute to brushing and flossing, studies still prove that chewing sugar less gum can greatly help prevent cavities. In addition to giving you a healthier smile, another reason your teachers should let you chew gum in school is because it boosts skills.According to the Los Angeles Times from April 2009, chewing gum has been proven to boost academic performance. In one study, researchers asked one group of teenaged students to chew sugar-free gum while participating in math class. They had a co ntrol group not chew gum during the same class. They found that those who chewed gum on average showed a three percent better increase on a standardized math. The study claims that chewing gum helped the subjects concentrate and stay focused.. And when gum isn’t helping you concentrate on school work, it can help you relieve the pain in your ear on plane rides.According to research done by CNN, the stress exerted on your eardrum when a plane is either climbing or descending, can be improved by chewing gum which corrects the difference in air pressure and eases the pain. Again, chewing causes your mouth to produce extra saliva, and that saliva needs to be swallowed. It is the swallowing that helps equalize the pressure in your ears. Not only does chewing gum produce more saliva, but it can trick your stomach into thinking you are eating. According to the August 26, 2008 New York Times, doctors are prescribing chewing gum after abdominal surgery.After stomach surgery, eating fo od can cause nausea and vomiting. In order for your stomach to heal, it needs hormones that are released when you eat. The answer to this dilemma: chewing gum. Patients chew gum, which stimulates the gut and produces gastrointestinal hormones. Gum tricks your stomach into thinking you are eating without having to eat. As we can see, gum has been with us for a long time and will continue to evolve to stay relevant in our lives. Today, we unwrapped the history of gum and we chewed on its benefits. Chewing gum is actually a fun thing to do. Assalamualaikum and thank you for your kind attention. . Chewing Gum Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to my fellow friends and Madam Nurma. Before I begin my speech, I would like to ask my lovely audience in front of me, have you ever found yourself in a situation where your hair is stuck with bubble gum and you accidentally step on a chewing gum? These situations can be really annoying right? So I decided to study a little about this little critter that everyone thought as a nuisance. Chewing gum was invented in the late 1800’s and we have the Alamo to thank. That’s right. .. Remember the Alamo?After General Lopez de Santa Anna lost the Alamo to the Americans, he figured that he could sell the Americans enough Chicle to raise an army to take back his power in Mexico. Santa Anna teamed up with an American inventor Thomas Adams who tried unsuccessfully to turn chicle into a new rubber for tires. Adams later figured out that with added flavour, chicle was an enjoyable substance to chew and could be sold for little money but big prof it to children. He opened the first gum factory in 1871. And by the 1880’s, the entire United States was stuck on chewing gum.Two other Americans are responsible for the popularity of chewing gum around the world. The first is another inventor, Walter Dimer. According to the book Pop, it is Dimer who dreamed of blowing bubbles with chewing gum. He invented a gum that had the texture that makes blowing bubbles possible. In 1928, the invention of bubble gum catapulted the popularity of chewing gum. The other American responsible for solidifying the popularity of chewing gum is Wrigley, who used advertisement to popularize gum.However, during WWII, the Wrigley Company heard that soldiers used their gum to overcome dry mouths on the battlefield. Wrigley pulled all of its gum off the shelves and donated them to the war effort. Americans returned victorious and after the war it was an everyday event to chew gum. Now that the history is unwrapped, we should chew on the importance of gum. According to the American Dental Association, chewing gum produces more saliva which helps to neutralize acids in your stomach as foods break down and can actually help prevent the breaking down of tooth enamel.As you chew your gum, more saliva enters your mouth and the more likely you are to wash away the bacteria that aids in tooth decay. Chewing sugarless gum for just twenty minutes after eating can help prevent tooth decay and can save the enamel on your teeth. Although this is no substitute to brushing and flossing, studies still prove that chewing sugar less gum can greatly help prevent cavities. In addition to giving you a healthier smile, another reason your teachers should let you chew gum in school is because it boosts skills.According to the Los Angeles Times from April 2009, chewing gum has been proven to boost academic performance. In one study, researchers asked one group of teenaged students to chew sugar-free gum while participating in math class. They had a co ntrol group not chew gum during the same class. They found that those who chewed gum on average showed a three percent better increase on a standardized math. The study claims that chewing gum helped the subjects concentrate and stay focused.. And when gum isn’t helping you concentrate on school work, it can help you relieve the pain in your ear on plane rides.According to research done by CNN, the stress exerted on your eardrum when a plane is either climbing or descending, can be improved by chewing gum which corrects the difference in air pressure and eases the pain. Again, chewing causes your mouth to produce extra saliva, and that saliva needs to be swallowed. It is the swallowing that helps equalize the pressure in your ears. Not only does chewing gum produce more saliva, but it can trick your stomach into thinking you are eating. According to the August 26, 2008 New York Times, doctors are prescribing chewing gum after abdominal surgery.After stomach surgery, eating fo od can cause nausea and vomiting. In order for your stomach to heal, it needs hormones that are released when you eat. The answer to this dilemma: chewing gum. Patients chew gum, which stimulates the gut and produces gastrointestinal hormones. Gum tricks your stomach into thinking you are eating without having to eat. As we can see, gum has been with us for a long time and will continue to evolve to stay relevant in our lives. Today, we unwrapped the history of gum and we chewed on its benefits. Chewing gum is actually a fun thing to do. Assalamualaikum and thank you for your kind attention. .

Employee Performance Essay

The process of producing an environment in which individuals can perform duties to the best of his or her ability is known as performance management. The processes of performance management start when the company requires an employee to perform a specific and ends when an employee departs from the organization (Heathfield, 2013). At Riordan Manufacturing there are many important positions that depend on the performance management system to ensure that employees achieve company set goals and objections. Riordan Manufacturing performance management systems are very important. The two positions chosen by Team D to discuss in this paper are the customer service rep and chief financial officer. Team D will describe the general function of performance management systems, suggest two job evaluation methods for the positions, suggest two job evaluation methods for each position, and determine the advantages and disadvantages of the methods concerning each position. Team D will also compare and contrast possible compensation plans for the two positions and explain the importance of providing employee benefit plan to the customer service rep and chief financial officer positions at Riordan Manufacturing. General Function of Performance Management Riordan Manufacturing uses performance managing systems that include annual pay modifications based upon performance, along with employee recognition programs. Riordan’s determines the company’s annual pay changes by the position in relation to the external market, along with performance expectations set by the company. The performance expectations fall into three categories, which are does not meet, meets, and exceeds. Increase in pay is always a motivator for increasing performance and productivity among  employees. Riordan Manufacturing also offers three kinds of awards/programs for their employees under their performance management systems. The company offers an outstanding employee award once a year. Riordan’s management and employees nominate high performance employee who have achieved high rating in employee performance. The company’s committee of executives reviews the candidates selected and presents the winner with the most outstanding employee ’s award. One qualification is modeling respect for diversity, which is something that Riordan is serious about. Riordan rewards the value the company has in the morals of employees. The other award given by Riordan is the seniority award. The company gives these awards to employees as he or she complete career milestones at one year, fifth year, tenth year, and 20th year. Although the seniority award is not monetary, it is important for the employees to notice that Riordan is noticing their loyalty and contributions to the company. The last program offered by Riordan under their performance management systems is the employee suggestion program. The company gives this reward to employees when he or she make suggestions for products put into place. The employees receive a $25 check and their picture in the company newsletter; although this does not measure the staff’s daily performance it does motivate them to make contributions for the good of the company. Using performance management systems helps Riordan rate the employee’s performances and motivates each employee to work as a team. For example, using the annual pay adjustments it would becoming apparent to Riordan executives that employees were not doing their jobs if they rated â€Å"does not meet† for two years in a row, it would be time for a face-to-face. Job Evaluation Methods Riordan Manufacturing currently employs 550 employees. The company has positions ranging from production to chief legal counsel. The company takes pride in attracting highly qualified employees. Each position at Riordan plays a vital role to the company’s success. Therefore, company expects each employee to focus on achieving the company’s mission and goals. Many of the company’s job functions performed by employees assist Riordan in maintaining a competitive advantage on the market. Two important positions held at Riordan Manufacturing are the customer service representative and the  Chief Financial Officer. The customer service is one of the many faces of Riordan as the employee interacts directly with the customers of Riordan. The Chief Financial Officer takes on the responsibilities within Riordan and directs the human resources functions along with the financial operations. The customer service representative is a valuable position that would work well wit h the classification method. The classification method works well with organizations that have several locations or many employees. Therefore, Riordan classifies each customer service representative with other similar job content or classes. The advantage of using the classification method is that it will allow Riordan to organize easily the many positions along with establishing a compensation package for each position based upon their classification. Some of the disadvantages may include several positions appearing to fit in more than one class or the classifications may seem biased or subjective judgments. With the chief financial officer (CFO) possessing a more critical position and role within the company, the ranking method may also be beneficial to Riordan. The ranking method for job evaluations is quite simple and in most instances inexpensive. This can often reduce the money spent on implementing strategic techniques and be applied in other areas of Riordan such as company improvements, or employee rewards. The disadvantage of the ranking method is that it can be subjective or rely heavily on a person or group of people to determine the worth of each position. There are several job methods used to perform job evaluations; however, it is essential for Riordan or any organization to determine which one will most suites the company and aid in its success. Compensation Plans It is important to have competitive and attractive compensation plans to ensure that Riordan attracts highly qualified employees. There are many options or approaches to use with compensation plans. The employee’s position often dictates what type of compensation plan he or she receives. For a customer service representative (CSR), compensation plans may include a basic wage structure along with a merit pay incentive. With merit pay, the CSR receives an increase in pay based on a percentage (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). Employees who perform better typically receive a greater percentage increase. Another option is a pay-for performance program. This option uses  performance measures to determine the employee’s pay rate and not just time spent on the job. Each employee’s pay rate depends on his or her individual, team, department, or organizational productivity (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). Both of these compensation plans are effective but some employees may worried about not knowing what his or her pay rate is ahead of time in the pay-for-performance program. The compensation plans for the CFO are different from those provided for CSR’s. As an executive member of Riordan, the CFO’s salary is substantially higher than the lower-level employees. For example, the current Riordan CFO, Dale Edgel, received an annual salary of $125, 00 with the ability to earn up to 30% of his salary in executive bonuses (Riordan, 1999). Compensation plans for executive employees are considerably higher because of his or her level of responsibility. That responsibility not only provides the executives with higher salaries but also compensation plans that include stock option plans. Executive compensation plans serve the same purpose as those used from lower-level employees. Executive positions typically require specialized or advanced education and employees who meet those requirements can be very selective when choosing a job. The compensation plans for those positions must be very attractive to appeal to those individuals. Importance of Employee Benefits Riordan understand that benefits are essential in today’s workforce to retain current talent and attract new high-level talent. Riordan has benefit packages required by law, such as Social Security, Workers’ Compensation, Unemployment Compensation, and FMLA. The company also offers vacation benefits, 401k plans, childcare assistance plan, dental, educational assistance, flextime scheduling, and holiday pay to attract and retain employees. The company offers these benefits to full-time employees when hired into the company, and he or she can accrue more perks as tenure at Riordan grows. Riordan understands that employees need a benefit package that promote a work life balance, the ability to take care of his or her family in case of a medical emergency, and to plan for his or her future. Whether the employee is the CFO or a CSR the benefit package does not change. Employees who believe a company is willing to take care of him or her makes job satisfaction and employee engagement much easier to  achieve. Furthermore, employees who believe he or she is capable of advancing his or her career and the company paying for it helps entry-level employee. The company encourages customer service rep to believe that he or she has a future in becoming a future chief financial officer. Riordan provides Education Assistance Programs to help employees grow a skill set that relates to his or her role in Riordan. Although it does not guarantee advancement, it does promote engagement and sustain performance for the company’s staff. Riordan commits to making each employee know he or she is a value to the company from the top of the company to the entry-level jobs. The company understands that providing benefits in today’s economy is important in attracting the most talented and motivated individuals and believe the company’s array of benefits help accomplish goals and promote a healthy work environment. Conclusion Riordan Manufacturing recognizes the processes of performance management are essential in today’s working environment. Riordan Manufacturing Corporation’s process of performance management will assist the company in enhancing employee job satisfaction and commitment. Riordan Manufacturing used various job performance methods for each individual job position the company. These job performance methods help the company to maintain financial strength and promote employee growth. Riordan performance management’s process also includes an attractive compensation, employee benefits plan to attract highly qualified employees. Using this process is what helps Riordan Manufacturing ensure employees achieve company goals, and objections, and sustain the company’s employee job satisfaction. References DeCenzo, D., & Robbins, S. (2007). Fundamentals of human resource management (9th ed.), retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Heathfield, S., 2013, Performance Management, Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryp/g/perform_mgmt.htm Riordan, Michael (August 15, 1999) Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Riordan/docs/HR/EmpFiles/Dale%20Edgel%20Offer%20Letter.pdf

Myan Indians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Myan Indians - Essay Example Mayan Indians were well developed and highly skilled in the artistic jobs such as pottery, carvings, drawings and ceramics. Some carvings, sculptures, stucco reliefs and murals are found from the ruins of the Mayan civilization that represent the art of the Mayan civilization (Coe 65). The artistic pieces found are indicative of the artistic skills of the Mayan Indians. The human figures carved on stones and colors used for depicting the civilization and culture of people look so beautiful and refined that the development of arts at that time appears much better than ours. Mayan Indians also attached their names with their created artistic pieces in order to inform the viewers about their art and talent (Demarest 43). Mayan architecture is also very famous like its art. The towering pyramids with steps are regarded as the most influential architecture of Mayan civilization (Sharer and Traxler 42). Caves with carvings are also a distinctive feature of the Mayan Indians. The caves such as Jolja cave, Cave of the Witch, Candelaria caves and many others are famous for their architecture and designs (Demarest 49). Plazas, palaces, ball courts, observatories and temples are found in their architectural designed buildings. Roads were also present attaching cities together. The buildings also went through several amendments as with changing rulers, the designs also got amended according to new instructions. The architecture as a whole can be considered as reminiscent of a great civilization (Coe 78). The buildings and constructions made by the Mayan Indians are depictive of their skill at architecture and design. The Mayan civilization was quite developed as they had their own writing system. They used to write with animal hair brushes and their writing was black in color with red highlighting (Demarest 59). In the writing system, the Mayan Indians usually used phonetic symbols and glyphs in order to

Appendix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Appendix - Essay Example The entrepreneur spirit is present throughout the organization. The firm offers a stock option plan to all the employees. Due to the successful implementation of the employee stock option plan all the employees care a lot about the well-being of the business organization. The stockholders have voting rights. The company has been effective in the past at raising large sums of money which has been invested for expansion purposes through the sale of stock and bonds. The managers of the company provide great leadership to the organization. The executive management team including the CEO is often seen talking with the floor employees. The company provides managers with monthly training and development sessions. The lines of communication are always open between the employees and managerial staff. The managerial style of the CEO is charismatic leadership. The managers abide by high ethical standards in their decision making process. The managers are very fair and they have delegated some responsibilities to the floor employees to empower the workforce. Change management has been used effectively by the managers to keep up with the latest trends in the industry. The managers have the power in the organization. The company does not suffer from agency problems. The managers are responsible of keeping with good interpersonal relations with all major stakeholder groups. The employees of the company feel they are a part something special. The firm’s generous stock option plan has help develop a tremendous corporate culture. The employees achieved acceptance and synergy. Synergy occurs when the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The workforce of the organization is very productive. The firm evaluates the performance of the employees twice a year. Different groups of employees report to various supervisors. The firm offers its employees great benefits including medical plan. The managers receive

Introduction to Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Introduction to Nursing research - Essay Example The purpose of this study as explained by the authors was to assess whether self-monitoring of blood glucose was effective in treating the glycemic control of the patient and in helping them deal with the psychological effects of being newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. There were no specific research questions in this study but one could assume that the research questions were: Will patients who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes show improvement in glycemic control because of their self-management? Also, will immediate feedback insure compliance with medication requirements and determine patient attitude toward their disease? These questions can be inferred by the two-fold purpose of the study(O’Kane et al., 2008). The basic concept is that the researchers wanted to understand how self-monitoring effected the attitudes and the self-monitoring of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. The phenomena studied was type 2 diabetes in adult males, aged 70 or older (O’Kane et al., 2008). This was a quantitative study that used a â€Å"a randomised controlled trial† (O’Kane et al., 2008, para. 11) that used two groups. One group was asked to self-monitor their glucose concentrations regularly, ( the intervention group) and the second group was asked not to monitor their glucose concentrations (the control group). The patients were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and they were recruited from several diabetes services in several cities in Ireland. The age of the patients was 70 and above, and the study was done between 2002 and 2005. Some doctors referred specific participants. The exclusion criteria for the participants was patients that were in secondary stages of diabetes, those who used insulin or who were already self-monitoring, those who had major diseases within the last six months, those with chronic kidney or liver disease, and those who were abusing alcohol (O’Kane

The implementation of law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The implementation of law - Essay Example In this regard, the abuse of office by the incumbent president may not breach the separation of powers. The functions of the executive are subject to oversight by the other two arms of government. Executive orders are always instructive regardless of the fact that they violate the law. This is because the executive arm of government is subject to politics, which makes the absolute adherence to set rules and regulations impossible. The executive powers also have privileges that surpass the other provisions in various clauses of the constitution. For instance, the provision of Null Presque presidential privilege usually contradicts the delivery of justice for the afflicted parties in the courts of law. In this regard, the executive’s orders are instructive. The president’s orders are instructive, given that their directives. The orders are supreme given the selection of the hold of the executive office. The election of the president is an influential exercise that makes t he populace consider the president as the supreme authority of the nation.History plays a major role in the understanding of the executive powers and the aspect of separation of powers. There are provisions that address the controversies existing in the legality and policy issues of executive mandates. The aspect of the separation of powers is traceable to the times of King George III. The reign of the King was full of controversies and delusion. The making of treaties with other nations is categorized under legislative and executive roles.

The War Against Boys Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The War Against Boys - Assignment Example The ideologies behind these types of feminism were first coined by Hoff Sommers in her famous writings. According to Sommers, gender feminism focuses on the interaction between the society and the cultural gender roles performed by women within the same social setting. On the other hand, equity feminism is associated with equal rights and equal treatment of women in the society. In its practical application, gender feminism has been labeled as bad feminism because it deals with the questioning of the fundamental rules of the society. On the opposite side, equity feminism is credited because it is occupied with the purpose of advocating and supporting the aspect of equal rights to every member of a society. The principles of gender feminism do not question the idea that women should stay at home and play their cultural roles. This type of feminism is only occupied with the aspects of equity and other legal issues. Contrary, gender feminism questions the ideas of cultural roles played by women within a social environment. It seeks to achieve cultural equity among women and men. At this juncture, we will focus at the equity feminism, which is the most dominant contemporary feminism at modern times (Rauchut 349).In every society, those individuals and groups fighting for gender equality con be heard complaining of numerous issues which they are not satisfied with. Therefore, equity feminists are constantly pushing forward their grievances to the relevant authorities for recognition.

Research about Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research about Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The regime uses security forces and the military to crack down on protesters (Amnesty International on human Rights web). According to the International Crisis Group, Saudi Arabia is a troubled place coupled with militant activities. Execution of innocent civilians is the order of the day and the same usually go unreported. The Shiite group, which is the minority group, has been economically displaced in their own country (web). The U.S department of State has echoed the same sentiments about Saudi Arabia. Although many issues mentioned by U.S department of State talk about conflicts, the most discussed issues about Saudi Arabia are political and socio-economic issues (U.S department of State web). Internally Displaced Monitoring Center (web) presents valuable information regarding Saudi Arabia social issues relating to internal displacement. It is claimed that the number of internally displaced citizens is increasing and more aid has been directed towards efforts to sustain the internally displaced persons. With all these conflicts, social, and political issues going on, a viable solution needs to be put in place. Amnesty International. â€Å"Saudi Arabia†. 2012. Web, 5 March, 2012.

Discussion of How to tame a wild Tongue by Gloria Anzaldua and Mother Essay

Discussion of How to tame a wild Tongue by Gloria Anzaldua and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan - Essay Example The theme behind â€Å"the mother tongue† is universal and significant since it is not merely on the subject of the native language but furthermore about the association with the social and ethnic background, with parents and legacy. It concerns the issue of parting with one’s homeland and living in a foreign country but still sticking to one’s own heritage. † As Natalie M. Rosinky states â€Å" there is also a gentle humor and appreciation in the essay, as Tan shows the misunderstanding immigrants experience because of cultural differences and their limited English† It is about changing, but keeping, at the same time. The essay is about striving and confronting unsympathetic surroundings. It talks in relation to the generation gap and being embarrassed, at a certain time, of one’s parents, since they do not seem to be adequate for one’s image and position. Once Amy starts writing she becomes conscious of how vital and significant was t he fact that she could use different types of English language, and thus begins to recognize the value of her mother customs and inheritance for its actual ability and potential. Considering this she begins writing with reference to her mother: â€Å"I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, the rhythms of her speech, and the nature of her thoughts†. As Amy fully becomes conscious of the affluence her mother had really provided her, she chooses her own mother as her foremost reader and evaluator.... In her essay she clearly addresses the precincts and boundaries of her mother’s English, and its drawbacks and benefits. She begins with being embarrassed of the English her mother speaks which was affected by the Chinese. She considers it as â€Å"fractured†, â€Å"broken† or had referred it to as â€Å"limited English†. Nevertheless, the language she was embarrassed about starts revealing its appeal and charm and hence Amy starts to look at her mother’s â€Å"fractured† English with an entirely different viewpoint. She starts to have a feeling that at the back her mother’s flawed English lives a magnificent phrase of exquisiteness, a splendor she marveled at. The theme behind â€Å"the mother tongue† is very universal and significant since it is not merely on the subject of the native language but furthermore about the association with the social and ethnic background, with parents and legacy. It concerns the issue of parting with one’s home land and living in a foreign country but still sticking to one’s own heritage. † As Natalie M. Rosinky states â€Å" there is also a gentle humor and appreciation in the essay, as Tan shows the misunderstanding immigrants experience because of culture differences and their limited English† It is about changing, but keeping, at the same time. The essay is about striving and confronting unsympathetic surroundings. Moreover it talks in relation to the generation gap and being embarrassed, at a certain time, of one’s parents, since they do not seem to be adequate for one’s image and position. Once Amy starts writing she becomes conscious of how vital and significant was the fact that she could use different types of English language, and thus begins to recognize the value of her mother customs and inheritance for its

Rooms Division Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rooms Division Operations Management - Essay Example oup of customers of a Company, who are willing to pay distinct set of prices for that specific perishable and same resource owned by a Company, and thus, it can increase or maximize its overall revenue base   (Airlines, 2014). Moreover, a revenue management is quite different from yield management in a way that it specifically targets revenue expansion and its expansion with the effective management of Company’s inventory capacity, prices of its products and customer demands. However, a company with the help of revenue management, especially room divisions and operations management enterprises, on a consistent basis can lead to achieve their revenue targets in shortest possible time span. As, the basic component of revenue management is the understanding the wide variety of customer behavior related to the Companies product and then accordingly, applies the researched data of customers in such a way that the management could form a group of customers for their same range of products, in order to charge different rates and tariff for such products from them as per their set criteria and thus, in this manner not only the overall market of the business would be extended, but it will also able to enhan ce its revenue structure as well (Netessine and Shumsky, 2002). In addition, the perfect application of yield management and room management in room service industry could be applied with the help of introduction of some group promotional schemes on reservations of multiple rooms, offering discounts on repeat business from regular customer, and etc. All in all, with the help of yield management, the overall occupancy of rooms in a room’s service industry can be effectively managed, control and thus maximizes its overall revenue earning aspects. The room’s service and operations management enterprises could enhance their revenue earnings to the maximum level, with the help of following possible sales techniques to attract the wide range of customer; Welcoming the

Understanding Management Essay Example for Free

Understanding Management Essay 1. How can you prepare yourself to become an effective manager in an increasingly uncertain and global business environment? 2. Would the task environment for a cellular phone company contain the same elements as that for a government welfare agency? Discuss. 3. What do you think are the most important forces in the external environment creating uncertainty for organizations today? Do the forces you identified typically arise in the task environment or the general environment? 4. Contemporary best-selling management books often argue that customers are the most important element in the external environment. Do you agree? In what company situations might this statement be untrue? 5. Why do you think many managers are surprised by environmental changes and hence are less able to help their organizations adapt? 6. Why are interorganizational partnerships so important for today’s companies? What elements in the current environment might contribute to either an increase or decrease in interorganizational collaboration? Discuss. 7. Many companies are â€Å"going green† or adopting environmentally friendly business strategies. Clorox, for example, now offers an eco-friendly household cleaner called Green Works. How do companies benefit from going green? 8. Cultural symbols are usually noticed through sight, sound, touch, and smell. For example, Abercrombie retail stores use music, attractive models, and fragrance to communicate elements of its retail store culture. Why are symbols important to a corporate culture? 9. Both China and India are rising economic powers. How might your approach to doing business with Communist China be different from your approach to doing business with India, the world’s most populous democracy? In which country would you expect to encounter the most rules? The most bureaucracy? 10. General Electric is famous for firing the lowest-performing 10 percent of its managers each year. With its strict no-layoff policy, Valero Energy believes people need to feel secure in their jobs to perform their best. Yet both are high-performing companies. How do you account for the success of such opposite philosophies?

Mertons theory

Mertons theory Compare and contrast Mertons theory and the labelling theory of deviance. I. Introduction Your Essay Outline Write about Compare and contrast Mertons theory and the labelling theory of deviance in the first sentence. Summarize Mertons Theory in the second sentence. Summarize Labelling Theory of Deviance in the second sentence. Summarize Comparions contrast in the third sentence. Briefly summarize So in short, both theories try to explain crime from a social perspective but one explains why crime begins while the other one explains why crime continues. in the final sentence of the first paragraph. In second paragraph you need to expand on Mertons Theory. Write one sentence summarizing Mertons Theory. Then write two sentences expounding on Mertons Theory. Be sure to back up your argument for Mertons Theory. In the final sentence transition from Mertons Theory to Labelling Theory of Deviance In third paragraph you need to expand on Labelling Theory of Deviance. Write one sentence summarizing Labelling Theory of Deviance. Then write two sentences expounding on Labelling Theory of Deviance. Be sure to back up your argument for Labelling Theory of Deviance. In the final sentence transition from Labelling Theory of Deviance to Comparions contrast. In fourth paragraph you need to expand on Comparions contrast. Write one sentence summarizing Comparions contrast. Then write two sentences expounding on Comparions contrast. Be sure to back up your argument for Comparions contrast. In the final sentence transition from Comparions contrast to your So in short, both theories try to explain crime from a social perspective but one explains why crime begins while the other one explains why crime continues.. In the fifth and final paragraph, summarize Mertons Theory again. Summarize Labelling Theory of Deviance again. Summarize Comparions contrast again. Then write two sentences stating your So in short, both theories try to explain crime from a social perspective but one explains why crime begins while the other one explains why crime continues.. Outline and assess the structionalist themes of crime and deviance Structural theories of deviance are similar to Mertons theory. They explain the origins of deviance in terms of the position of individuals or groups in the social structure. In the 1930s Robert k Merton wrote an article entitled Social Structure and Anomie. It became one of the most influential explanations of crime and deviance. He offered a social rather than psychological or biological explanation. In particular, it was a structionalist theory as it saw the structure of society shaping peoples behaviour. According to Merton, American culture attaches great importance to success and success is measured in terms of money and material possessions. There are norms which define legitimate means for achieving success. These legitimate means include gaining skills and qualifications and career advancement. The American dream states that anybody can make it to the top if they try hard enough. So much emphasis is placed on material success that many people experience pressure to deviate from accepted norms and values. Deviance occurs when they reject the goals of success and/or the legitimate means of reaching that goal. For example, some people are tempted to use nay means of getting to the top-even if that involves criminal behaviour. Merton refers to this pressure as a strain to anomie. Anomie means normlessness it refers to a situation where norms no longer guide behaviour, where anything goes. Despite what the American dream says, not everybody has an equal chance at success. The social structure prevents equal opportunity. In particular, the strain to anomie is most strongly felt by those at the bottom of the class structure. They are less likely to acquire skills and qualifications needed to reach the top. As a result, they are more likely to seek alternative routes to success. Merton identifies five possible adaptations or responses to the strain to anomie in American society, conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion. Conformity according to Merton, most people conform despite the strain to anomie. Even if they dont make it, they continue to strive for success and follow the normative means of getting there. Innovation, people who adopt the deviant adaptation accept the goals of success but, in Mertons words, they have little access to conventional and legitimate means to becoming successful. As a result, some innovate-they turn to legitimate means, to crime. The pressure to select this adaptation is greatest for those in the lower levels of the class system. Ritualism, people who follow this deviant route abandon the goal of success, but stick rigidly to the rules- for example, people in dead end, white collar occupations that follow their job descriptions to the letter. Retreatism, this deviant adaptation involves a rejection of both the goal of success and the normative means of achieving it. It applies to people who drop out- tramps, drug addicts and habitual drunkards. Rebellion, this involves a rejection of conventional goals and means and their replacement with alternatives. The revolutionary who seeks to change society illustrates this type of deviant adaptation. Mertons strain theory was an early attempt to explain crime and deviance in terms of culture and structure of society. It provided a sociological alternative to biological and psychological theories. In particular, it offered an explanation for working class crime. Whatever its weaknesses, Mertons work provided a spur for the development of further theories of crime and deviance. Mertons theory does raise a number of unanswered questions. First, why do people but not others adopt deviant adaptations? For example, why do some people in the lower levels of the class system turn to crime but others do not? Secondly, Mertons theory focuses on individuals rather than groups. Crime and deviance are often collective activities. How can this be explained in terms of strain theory? Thirdly, crime and deviance are not always motivated by a desire for monetary gain. How can activities such as vandalism and fighting between rival gangs be explained in terms of Mertons theory? In search for these answers subculural theory was formed. Subcultural theories explain deviance in terms of the subculture of a social group. They argue that certain groups develop norms and values which to some extent different from those held by other members of society. For example, some groups of criminals or delinquents might develop norms that encourage and reward criminal activity. Other members of society may regard such activities as immoral, and strongly disapprove of them. Subcultual theories claim that deviance is the result of individuals conforming to the norms and values of the social group to which they belong. Members of subcultures are not completely different from other members of society: they may speak the same language, wear similar clothes, and attach the same value to family life. However, their subculture is sufficiently different from the culture of society as a whole to lead to them committing acts that are generally regarded as deviant. Often, structural and sub cultural theories are combined, as in Albert Cohens analysis of delinquency. The development of subcultures is explained in terms of the position of groups and individuals in the social structure. Cohen was the first sociologist to develop a subcultual theory of working class crime and deviance. He examined delinquent gangs in low-income, inner city areas. Delinquency refers to the criminal and anti social acts of young people. Cohen agreed with Merton that the mainstream value of success creates problems for young working class males. Many do badly at school and fail to acquire the skills and qualifications needed for success. Employing Durkheims concept of anomie, Robert K Merton, an American sociologist, developed his theory of deviance by analysing the American reward system. Mertons argument is that in a well-regulated society, goals and the means of achieving these goals are integrated in that they are available to all in society. In some societies the accepted means of achieving these goals are not available to all, hence those who wish to achieve the goals, but are not able to do so through legitimate means, must adapt to the situation. Merton presented a typology describing the modes of adaptation. The important aspect of the typology is the relationship between the cultural goals and the institutionalised means of achieving them. I will describe the typology in the following paragraphs. Howard S. Beckers labelling theory of deviance asserts that deviance and conformity result, not so much from what people do, but from how others respond to those actions. It analyses how definitions for deviant behaviour are created by social groups. Merton then sets out a typology of modes of adaptation in terms of conformity, or non-conformity, to cultural goals and institutionalised means: 1. Innovation accepting cultural goals but employing illegitimate means, for example, property theft, cheats. 2. Ritualism adherence to means whilst ignoring the goals, for example, bureaucratic adherence to routine going through the motions. 3. Retreatism withdrawal, opting out of socially defined desirable behaviour, for example, alcoholics, addicts. 4. Rebellion not only rejection of goals and means, but a positive attempt to replace them with alternative values, for example, political revolutionaries, religious prophets. Mertons analysis suggests that deviant behaviour is functional. First, for the individuals involved, since it enables them to adapt to the circumstances in which they find themselves. And second, for society as a whole since modes of individual adaptation help to maintain the boundaries between acceptable and non-acceptable forms of behaviour. Criticisms 1. Non conformity, such as ritualism, is not really the same as deviance (indeed with ritualism you do the actions, but have the wrong thoughts its nearer blasphemy). It does not convey the same stigmatising quality as in the label deviant. 2. The assumption of cultural consensus is implicit in the idea of cultural goals, and ignores the possibility of sub-cultures and a pluralistic culture, where cultural goals might differ considerably. 3. It does not really provide a causal theory as to why some groups might adapt via rebellion and others by retreatism. Obviously some form of socialised commitment and differential associations becomes crucial for influencing perceptions of the alternatives to conformity. It does not explain movement into deviant careers. 4. It does not take into account that just as legitimate means to success are limited, that so too are the illegitimate opportunities. Not everyone has equal access to criminal sub-cultures. An analysis of the opportunities for deviant activity is required. However, Merton never claimed that his typology was a total theory of deviance and many of the criticisms of his work were picked up on and improvements attempted by sub-cultural theorists. Conclusion Mertons strain theory is basically an explanation of why people commit crime. His approach involves looking at how people accept reject or redefine our cultural goals according to the means available to them in accepting those goals. So for example, success is the goal, the appropriately accepted way to achieve success in America is through the belief that hard work will get us success. But many people work hard and are not successful. So one adjustment would be to reject the idea that hard work is how to become successful and replace that means of achieving success with an alternative method such as selling drugs. You achieve monetary success without hard work. Labeling theory is also an effort to explain crime from a sociological position. However labeling theory explains why a person continues committing a crime but does not explain why they committed a crime in the first place. So in short, both theories try to explain crime from a social perspective but one explains why crime begins while the other one explains why crime continues.

Animal Biotechnology in Developing Countries

Animal Biotechnology in Developing Countries ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: APPLICATIONS, RISKS AND ETHICS TO BE CONSIDERED ABSTRACT In majority of the developing countries, the application of biotechnology associated to livestock has to be appropriate for the animal owners who lack resources and who have small land and few animals. Livestock is becoming highly necessary for the developing countries in terms of economic growth, healthy life style and socio-economic objectives. Livestock production is collaborated with technology for viable agriculture. Livestock is an integral part of the ecosystem and is an abundant source of animal biodiversity since local breeds have genes and characteristics that are of great value. Molecular markers are used to a great extent to determine and choose certain genes having desired characteristics and to spread its use in artificial insemination, embryo transfer and various other reproductive methods. These technologies are used extensively in genetic enhancement of the livestock such as in cattle and buffaloes. Presently, biotechnology is utilized for the production of vaccines and diagnostic kits. However, in the absence of proper foundation, inappropriate manpower, inadequate funding to farmers and lacking of available resources, still there is lot gap in the field. In spite of having many advantages, there are several risk factors and ethical issues to be considered in genetically modifying animals for human consumption and animal welfare. This paper deals with the problems faced by the developing countries, applications of animal biotechnology to overcome these problems, risks involved and ethical principles to be considered. INTRODUCTION Biotechnology is considered to be necessary for the human survival and as a tool that will enhance the quality of life of the people in the world [1]. Genomics and biotechnology has a huge ability to combat diseases that mostly affect the world’s poorest population [2]. Although biotechnology is assumed to elevate the life of the person in the world and allow a more comfortable living, commercial considerations and socioeconomic goals that are believed by the society are very important [3]. Animal biotechnology â€Å"is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing or production of materials by animals or aquatic species to provide goods and services†. The production of livestock is expanding when compared to any other sector and by the year 2020, the livestock is supposed to become the most significant agricultural sector. The application of biotechnology in this sector will direct to a positive shift in the economic returns from livestock. 43% of the agricultural production is through the production of livestock where more than half of the agricultural yield is from the livestock of the developed countries and one third is from the developing countries. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Advantages of biotechnology have only reached the developed countries, with billions in the poor countries largely excluded from these benefits. The practice of using the molecular biotechnologies and the novel breeding principles to the livestock animals by the developing countries is constrained by various factors. Dearth, malnutrition, inadequate hygiene and unemployment are common in the developing countries and techniques related to biotechnology have to be applied under these circumstances. Green revolution has been effective for farmers who have land but farmers who do not have land exist only on livestock and they have been condemned and remained poor. I think developing countries should be able to extend these techniques with the help of government agencies which would help improve their quality of life and living by considering the ethical, social and environmental issues into account. In developing economics, the livestock has become very necessary for the expansion of agriculture. The quest for the products from livestock is the function of income and continuous improvement in the per capita income, increasing urban population and the alterations in the lifestyle and diet are improving the growth in production of livestock. By increasing the income and employment and by depreciating the rural poverty, the production of livestock leads to socioeconomic development. The function of livestock is not only to provide food and nutrition but also acts as a supply in draught power and organic manure. Therefore livestock is necessary source of income and address the unemployment issue. This helps in reducing the poverty and scatters the income among the rural population that constitutes small landholders and a most of the livestock owners. During unfavorable environments, livestock can be reverted into cash and therefore can be used during crop failure. IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY Animal biotechnology has various uses. Transgenic animals with improved growth rates, improved lean muscle mass, greater resistance to disease have been produced ever since the early 1980s [4]. Genetic content of animals such as poultry, swine, goats and cattle have been modified so that they produce more amounts of human proteins in eggs, milk, blood and urine which helps in making of human pharmaceuticals. This therapeutics contains proteins required for humans such as enzymes, clotting factors, albumin and antibodies. Cows are genetically modified by injecting a bacterium containing growth hormone called bovine somatotropin (BST) to increase the milk production rate by 10 to 15 percent. Considerable number of genes and desired traits has been discovered in the livestock of Africa and Asia. Examples of such breeds from these continents are significant in the global level such as, buffaloes that yield milk with more amounts of fat and with greater quality of protein necessary for the production of mozzarella cheese, goats from cold countries that generate pashmina and toos- slender varieties of wool, Black Bengal goats that bear genes for high productivity, Garole sheep that bear genes for twinning and sheep’s, camels and goats that are tolerant to tropical arid environment and can sustain feed with high lignin composition. Milk, meat and eggs production and the nutritional value, prevention of diseases and healthcare has been improved for these products through the use of biotechnology. Biotechnology is a new developing tool for the growth of agricultural technologies. The greater profit of agricultural research and technology is that the poor can buy the products easily since both the average incomes and the use of these food products are improved [3]. The improvement in the production of livestock has called for an increased value of land, labor and goods and services of non-agricultural origin therefore improving the overall growth in the economy. The rural population spends nearly greater part of their additional income on food. Therefore biotechnology can be applied to livestock production which leads to a greater nutritional significance in case the technology is aimed at the poorest producers. However, â€Å"commercialization of agriculture† has depleted the nutritional security of the rural population. APPLICATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY There are many technologies that have been evolved to the livestock of both developing and developed countries. However, the large scale technologies that are efficiently utilized in the production of livestock in the developing countries comprises of protecting the animal genetic resources, enhancing reproduction, embryo transfer (ET), detecting and reducing diseases and increasing the nutrition value. 1. Transgenics Gene related technologies have the tendency to boost the ability for the production of livestock thereby assuring larger profits for the farmers [2]. â€Å"The global adaption of genetically modified (GM) crops, which were grown on 67.7 million hectares in 2003 compared with 2.8 million hectares in 1996, has had a greater impact on livestock feed. It is estimated that the United States of America, Argentina, Canada, Brazil and the People’s Republic of China have 63%. 21%, 6%, 4% and 4% respectively, of the global transgenic acreage and that the most frequently grown crops are GM soybean (61%), maize (23%), cotton (11%) and canola (5%)†. Although research in medical field requires the use of transgenic animals such as mice, GM animals have not yet been discharged into the farms [3]. The progress in the genetic alteration of the livestock is very slow when compared to the genetic alteration of crops for a wide range of reasons that include high costs, inappropriate gene t ransfer techniques and small reproductive rates of animals. Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques contribute to the expression of desires genes, to suppress the expression of unwanted genes, to modify certain genes to obstruct certain pathways. It was determined that approximately 30 enzymes are produced from GM bacteria, yeasts and moulds that are commercially available and most of these enzymes are utilized in the food industry. Milk produced from transgenic cattle has the ability to improve the production of some proteins or growth factors and this improved quality in the nutrient and therapeutic content in the composition of milk may have a greater impact on the development and the survival of the newborn humans and animals. This transgenic alteration in the milk will lead to a greater utilization of milk and milk products in the fields of both agriculture and medicine. By improving the composition of the proteins in milk or developing a new protein in the milk is a â€Å"value added† opportunity for transgenic agriculture. 2. Cloning Nuclear cloning is the process of creating new animals by introducing somatic nuclei into an unfertilized oocyte [5]. In other words it is the process in which one single DNA molecule can give rise to an entire organism [6]. Even though it was started in fishes to know the nuclear totipotency, it was extended for higher organisms like sheep where Dolly was the first cloned mammal. Genetically modified nuclear transfusion can play a better role in cloning with desired characteristics. Since it is a cell medicated transfer addition and deletion of the specific gene can be done depending on the gene of interest that is to be produced. Cloning can be used in preservation of indigenous breeds of global zoo pool which are adapted to a local environment. Multiplication can be done rapidly which give uniform clones. This technology can be used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases like diseases like diabetes, spinal disorders and tissue damage by using the transplanted cells to replace the damaged tissue or using stem cells to differentiate into the specific cells of interest. Cloned animals can be used as research models which give identical twins that have same pathway for their physiological activities rather than using animals with more genetic variability. It improves the quality and quantity of food products produced and also produces several disease resistant plants that reduce pollution indirectly. 3. Artificial insemination (AI) Artificial insemination (AI) is a method by which sperm from male is collected, processed and stored and then is artificially inserted into the female reproductive tract for conception. AI is one of the most essential procedures for genetically improving farm animals and is extensively used for breeding dairy. [7]. The recognition of AI method worldwide presents the development of other technologies, such as cryopreservation and sexing of sperm, estrous cycle regulation, and embryo harvesting, freezing, culture and transfer, and cloning [8]. The rate of conception in the area of AI in the developing countries is less and hence the desired efficiency on the animal development has not been accomplished. Artificial insemination has following advantages over natural breeding. The major benefit of AI is that it makes utmost use of superior sires. Earlier, very few could get the benefit of superior bulls. Naturally, a bull can be bred to 50 to 60 cows per year. In contrast, by AI, thousands of cows can be sired in one year by one bull. [9]. Exposure of sires to contagious genital infections is prevented by utilizing AI thereby preventing the spread of such infections. 4. Embryo transfer (ET) To obtain genetically superior or important animals, animal breeders are attempting to get as many offspring’s as possible. Hormonal induction of multiple ovulations, followed by non-surgical collection of embryos and embryo transfer is extensively used [10]. ET is one of the most important reproductive techniques in cattle that can elevate the genetic improvement. ET in cattle has lately acquired huge popularity with seedstock dairy and beef producers. Like artificial insemination, ET can significantly increase the number of offsprings [11]. ET improves the reproductive ability of a cow because semen from one male can be utilized for a huge number of females, and by using a technique called superovulation, superior female can be made to provide more number of ovules. Cows that are not capable of sustaining pregnancy can still contribute by providing ovules for ET. Embryos can also be frozen and preserved in an embryo bank and used whenever required [12]. 5. In vitro production of embryos In vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos has gained an importance because of less acceptance of AI and reduced superovulatory response in buffaloes [13]. IVP contributes a good supply of embryos for studying fundamental research on â€Å"developmental physiology, farm animal breeding, embryo sexing, sperm injection, nuclear transfer, cloning and transgenesis†. IVP leads to a favorable pregnancy and birth of the calf in buffalo. However, the rate of success if less. Therefore IVP must be enhanced in the developing countries before it can be used in the cattle as well as buffaloes. 6. Improving health through vaccines Vaccines are used for the prevention and control of animal and human diseases [14]. Through biotechnology, new and enhanced drugs have been produced that lower production expenses and increase animal welfare by combating infections caused by bacteria and parasites [15]. With the help of modern biotechnology techniques, new and improved animal vaccines have also been generated. Vaccines used to fight diseases such as foot and mouth disease, scours, brucellosis, shipping fever, feline leukemia and rabies. Test kits have been created to diagnose health of livestock and other animals. Molecular biology distinguishes the disease causing agents by sequencing the nucleotides and by determining the origin of these pathogens. These molecular diagnostic techniques are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antigens. These approaches can be made better to promote their use in the developing countries. RISKS OF ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Although implementing this technology provides many benefits, there are also certain risks involved with this technology [18]. Genetically modified animals interfere with nature and tend to affect normal wild type organisms Genetic diversity of organisms is narrowed down and existing modifies animals will be prone to diseases and threatened as a result. The safety of food containing or produced from engineered animals also raises questions in the public because of its unpredictability (toxic or allergic etc) It has huge impact on the normal farms and their employment. To start up the business, funds are essential which might be obtained from government or private enterprises which is doubtful due to lack of trust. It leads to Negative Globalization which is due to probable mistreatment of developing countries. There is also scope for mistreatment of animals causing stress and future abnormalities which will be opposed by animal welfare organizations like PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) etc. Procedures like cloning will reduce naturally occurring genetic variability. Animal biotechnology involves costly processes but the success rate is very less There might be transfer of pathogens and other disease causing organisms from the donors to recipient animals. The life expectancy of such animals even after spending both time and money is very less as they are subjected to strain to produce more and desirable products. Techniques such as embryonic cell nuclear transfer (ECNT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have raised apprehensions on human safety and animal health. The cloned animals tend to have a poor success rate for embryo development which is called as ‘large offspring syndrome’ [19], placental abnormalities, edema, large umbilicus or perinatal deaths. Concerns still exist on the human consumption of cloned animals. Several other moral and ethical concerns also pose risks in the use of animal biotechnology. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY Today, ethical, social, environmental and economic issues in animal farming are essentially associated with sustainable income and food security for millions of people in the developing countries [16]. The major function of farm animals in social, cultural and economic welfare of humanity in the developing countries contrasts with the condition in developed countries. Basically, there are two areas of ethical considerations. One being the alterations in the genetic content of animals and the other being concerns on animal welfare. Animals are considered to be â€Å"voiceless victims of science† since the painful treatment given to these animals during slaughtering and transportation is contrast of the perceived sentiments and love for animals. Ethical considerations should be regarded on gene based methods such as gene product that has its application in vaccination, genes used for treatment of diseases and to detect the source of infections and making of therapeutic agents through insertion of specific genes into living tissues. Ethical and social examination on the biosafety issues such as harm in the recipient animals and humans who consume transgenic products should be considered. Although transgenic methods such as introduction of a gene to get a desired trait, modification of physiological development and functions, increased reproductive capability, disease resistant animals prove to be of great benefit to the humans, biosafety, environmental risks should not be neglected. According to Monsanto which is an agrochemical company, bovine somatotropin is a natural ‘protein supplement’ that improves the cow’s ability to produce milk [17]. However, some organizations believe that Monsanto is pushing a drug that compels cows to work harder on the factory cattle farm, and that pollutes ordinary processes. Related disapproval has been observed against attempts to genetically altering animals so that they will generate high levels of growth hormone. Animal welfare and animal rights are frequently defiled in most of the developing countries. Certain laws such as anti-cruelty law and animal protection law should be adapted by all the countries so that animals are considered to have a fundamental value and are not solely instrumental for humans. Research should still be conducted to provide a safer and cheaper way of embryo transfer and artificial insemination in the developing countries. CONCLUSIONS AND REMEDIES Progress in the development of biotechnology is being made in many countries. However, only a small proportion of it is reaching the developing countries in the fields of conservation, animal improvement, diagnosis and control of diseases. However, farmers are not benefitted from the gene based techniques. Accessing novel technologies is very expensive for the developing countries and there is less investment for animal health and production. Although many discoveries have been developed in the laboratories by the developing countries, majority of them are not modified into appropriate products. Sufficient national and international platform through international donor consortium is required to manage the cost to access the biotechnological products. In the developing countries, the money expended by the international organizations on animal biotechnology is insufficient. â€Å"The World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Consultative Group on International Agricultura l Research, the United Nations Development Programme, The United States Agency for International Development, The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the International Development Research Centre, the Asian Development Bank† and many such groups have to provide greater funds to the livestock sector. Contributing money in livestock has positive results in human development. I think, by identifying the health needs and making use of the benefits of these technologies, developing countries can exploit biotechnology for enhancing human health. However, the risk factors and ethical issues should be considered not only by the developing countries but also by the developed countries. More studies and research has to be conducted to minimize the risks of applying these technologies. The government agencies should provide proper finance to apply these technologies and also provide trained labor to get a maximum benefit out of it. REFERENCES http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/biotech/in_focus/biotechnology_if_animal.html Daar, et al (2007), Hoe can developing countries harness biotechnology to improve health? BMC Public Health, 7:346. M.L. Madan, Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implications in developing countries (2005), Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 24(1), 127-139. http://www.aboutbioscience.org/pdfs/Animal_Biotechnology.pdf http://www.epidna.com/showabstract.php?pmid=11985609redirect=yesterms=define+nuclear+cloning Wells, 2005., Animal Cloning: problems and prospects, Rev. Sci. tech.int. Epiz, 24(1),251-264. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/DS089 Foote (2002), The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables, journal of animal science, 80:1-10 http://www.world-agriculture.com/animalhusbandry/artificial_insemination_cattle.php Hashimoto (2009), applications of invitro maturation to assisted reproductive technology, journal of reproduction and development, 55, 1. http://www.brangusworld.com/documents/Estrus%20Sinchonization.pdf http://www.molecular-plant-biotechnology.info/in-vitro-fertilization-and-embryo-transfer-in-humans-and-livestock/advantages-of-embryo-transfer-in-cattle.htm Nandi S et al., Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in virto: Premises and Promises (2002), Reprod Dom Anim 37, 65-74. Kurstak et al., Towards new vaccine and modern vaccinology: introductory remarks (1999), Elsevier- Vaccine 17, 1583-1586 file:///G:/443-003.html Kesavan (2005), et al., Ethical, Social, Environmental and Economic issues in Animal Biotechnology, Applications of gene based technologies for improving animal production and health in developing countries, 447-462. Levidow et al., (1997), How biotechnology regulation sets a risk/ethics boundary, Agriculture and human values, 14: 29-43 http://ucbrep.ucdavis.edu/PDFs/Animal%20biotech%20Food%20Expo.pdf Yang et al., (2007), Risk assessment of meat from cloned animals, Nature biotechnology, vol 25, no. 1.

Cesar Chavez Essays -- Civil Rights, Labor, Chavez, farm workers

One of the greatest civil rights activists of our time; one who believed the ways of Gandhi and Martin Luther King that â€Å"violence can only hurt us and our cause† (Cesar Chavez); a quiet, devoted, small catholic man who had nothing just like those he help fight for; â€Å"one of America's most influential labor leaders of the late twentieth century† (Griswold del Castillo); and one â€Å"who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States† (Ender). Cesar Chavez; an American farm worker, who would soon become the labor leader that led to numerous improvements for union workers; it is recorded that Chavez was born near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 and died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. (Wikipedia) His life affected many others as his unselfish deeds changed the labor union force forever. This essay will discuss the reasons Cesar Chavez became involved in Union rights, the immediate impact he had, and also the legacy he left behind with his actions that influenced American society. There are many reasons why Chavez became part of the movement, but the major reason was his childhood. It is noted that Cesar Chavez was one of five children born to Librado Chavez and Juana Estrada who were farmers. As a child in Arizona, he grew up nourished by the values of his family and his rural Mexican-American community. His mother taught him the importance of non-violence and self-sacrifice and his grandmother impressed upon his the values of the Catholic faith. And as a child, he experienced racial discrimination in school. (Griswold del Castillo) Chavez quit school after the eighth grade to work full-time in the fields. His grandfather had homesteaded some 112 acres that the family soon lost because of t... ... Richard. "Cesar Estrada Chavez."The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Vol 3: 1991-1993. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014 Jusko, Adam. "Cesar Chavez." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014 Ramakrishnan, Karthick S. "Cesar Estrada Chavez." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014 Russell, Dennis. "Cesar Chavez." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. 5 vols. St. James Press, 2010. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014

The 1920s Essay -- essays research papers fc

The 1920’s The 1920’s where a time of conservatism, it was a time of great social change. From the world of fashion to the world to politics, forces clashed to produce the most explosive decade of the century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eighteenth Amendment was passed in 1920, which made alcohol illegal. It was called the Prohibition Amendment. This was known as the â€Å"Noble Experiment†. All importing, exporting, selling, manufacturing and transporting of alcohol were illegal. The older people favored this amendment. They felt that alcohol was bad because of the way people behaved after drinking. People thought that crime, death rates and poverty would decrease now because alcohol was illegal. The younger generation did not like this amendment. Many people did not really listen to the law. The law actually increased the amount of people drinking alcohol. Some people would try and make alcohol in their own homes. This was called â€Å"bathtub gin†. Alcohol would be smuggled from Canada during the twenties (Microsoft Encarta, 1999). Saloons that used to serve liquor were now called speak-easies. Instead of reducing the crimes rates, crime was actually greater. Organized crime w as developed because of Prohibition. Sometimes police were bribed and went along with what was going on and would not do anything. The death rates were much higher than before. â€Å"Prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources from enforcement of other laws and increased prices people had to pay for prohibited goods† (Thorton, Mark 1991). Al Capone was one of the most powerful bootleggers in Chicago, there were many gangs rivales due to prohibition the people who were bootlegging became wealthy because many people wanted alcohol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1920’s, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, which gave women the right to vote. During this decade women became strong and more independent. Women were accomplishing a lot more than they had before. Women started going to college so she could earn her own living. More women started leaving the home and working at a factory or as a secretary. Women were discriminated at the work place. They received lower wages then man did. In the 1920’s, the term flapper was introduced. It was first used in Britain after World War 1. Young women were labeled as flappers who wore makeup shorter skirts. Fl... ...hat followed, forty billion dollars were lost. The Great Depression had started. The 1920’s was a decade that changes American life. Frederick Lewis Allen describes the twenties as a â€Å"revolution in manners and morals.† The twenties has been named all types of nicknames, such as: â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, â€Å"The Era of Wonderful Nonsense†, â€Å"The Decade of the Dollar†, â€Å"The Period of the Psyche†, â€Å" Dry Decade† and the age of â€Å"Alcohol and Al Capone† (Gales Research, 1998). During the twenties, the way Americans lived had changed. The 1920’s was a time in history that has been remembered for its great prosperity but also for its great loss. The Great Depression is what ended the Roaring Twenties. Works Cited Gales Research. 1998. Microsoft Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1999. Movies, Music, and Sports of the 1920’s. 9 March. 2003 http://www.albany.edu/ The Roaring Twenties Hitchhikers Guide- lectures with links and Photos H102   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lecture 09. 9 March. 2003 http://evip.fresno.com/ Thorton, Mark. â€Å"Policy Analysis: Alcohol Prohibition Was a Failure.† July 17,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1991. Online. Netscape. 23 April 1998   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Diversity: Key Attributes

Bus 520 Week 1 Case: Diversity Competency 1. Which key attributes of the diversity competency are illustrated in this case? Give a specific example of each attributes identified. The key attributes of the diversity competency that were illustrated in this case are embracing and developing personal team or organizational tendencies and learning from individuals, teams, or organizations with different characteristics, experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds. Accenture incorporated these attributes by introducing Back-up Dependent Care, Lifework, and Future Leave programs. . Which key attributes of the self-competency are illustrated by Chris Tserng in this case? Give a specific example of each attribute identified. The key attributes of the self competency that were illustrated by Chris Tserng are taking responsibility for managing oneself and career over time and through stressful circumstances; assessing and establishing one’s own developmental personal, and work-related go als. In the case, Chris had been at Accenture for ten years before she started a family. Once the baby was born, she planned to take her scheduled maternity leave and vacation time. During the time she was off, Chris hired a caregiver however; the caregiver could not start when Chris was ready to work. Chris took advantage of the Future Leave program. This program allows employees to address personal and family issues while preserving their careers. 3. Which key attributes of the change competency are illustrated in this case? Give a specific example of each attribute identified. Accenture illustrated the following key attributes of change competency: Seeking gaining, sharing, and applying new knowledge in the pursuit of constant improvement, creativity, and entirely new approaches or goals, applying processes to introduces and achieve organizational change. Accenture conducted internal surveys through out the company. The company collected the data from the surveys and found out what was important to their employees. With this information, Accenture introduce several programs that allowed employees to balance their personal and professional lives.

Acceptable subject for the play Essay

A proscribed eccentric is a subject that great deal argon embarrassed or find surd to blab somewhat. Death is a taboo subject because most pile argon sc bed of wipeout and dont want to about it. Usually, when people are talking about taboo subjects, they work on it gravid wagerer than it is. This is called a euphemism. lee side Hall opens it acceptable in some ways. The first issue is that death is introduced genuinely early on (the first page) so the sense of hearing wont be surprised by it later on, the unforesightful lady who excretes so well If I could ever grow up.I would .do the anxious(p) Also death is introduced with the opera to make death look beautiful and ilk an art. The opera is finded at various(a) signifys passim the play to keep the pedestal of the staged and beautiful opera waiver. Spoonface holds she understands death, and the dying makes me so clear which makes the auditory modality regain better because she whole steps she k withou t delays what is happening solely isnt scared at all. She has a bare(a) attitude and isnt embarrassed to talk about anything. She says everything exactly how it is so the interview k instanter exactly whats going on.She doesnt use euphemisms to make things sound better than they are, I was backwards And now I was going to die. The auditory sense now know that spoonface knows she is going to die. usually this could be quite psychological disorderting for the audience because no one likes to hear about people dying but spoonface doesnt come out to mind therefore the audience are made to believe that the position spoonface is dying is not too all-important(a). afterwards on in the play, Spoonface, her mum and her soda pop find out that she keep do numbers.They mobilise that she is a adept which is good because then there isnt the feeling that Spoonface is extremely unfortunate and nada ever goes right for her. The audience now know that Spoonface has got her own special t hing that she is better at than most people which could make the audience slight upset about her tally. Spoonface is not scared of death because she believes that when she dies, she will go to heaven as she believes in God, God came and touched me on my head.This faith she has makes the death seem a lot less worse because the audience know she believes in feeling after death and spoonface doesnt seem to mind about the fact she is dying. Because Spoonface doesnt seem to mind dying, the audience could cleave mixed feelings. Either they feel better because she doesnt mind dying or they feel worse because they imply Spoonface doesnt understand what dying is. When Spoonface goes into the hospital, Doctor Bernstein negotiation openly about the holocaust and preoccupancy camps and spoonface interprets it into her own words quite graphically.This puts Spoonfaces condition into perspective and sort of makes the audience feel to a greater extent sympathetic towards Doctor Bernstein ra ther than having everyone focusing their attention on Spoonface. This doesnt actually make death more bearable, it solely gives the audience something tragic to think about to make Spoonface seem less unfortunate. Another thing is the slight temper of the play. It must have been a straining subject to put humour into but Lee Hall did this very well. An sheath of this humour is when Spoonface gives her list, I was supposed to die and we had fish fingers. Spoonface thinks that having fish fingers for dinner is just as important as the fact she will die. Everyone knows that these two facts are not as important as for each one other and that having fish fingers is not authentically important at all. Because Spoonface thinks these things are of bear upon importance, the audience are led to think that death is not sincerely important either. Lee Hall has written this play through the perspective of a artless child (Spoonface) so he can say whatever he wants and be as blunt as he wants. There are layers of meaning throughout the play because of Spoonfaces naivety.At the end of the play, Spoonface dialogue about the take offs. This is her idea of the point of livelihood and death. She believes it is her destiny to be the way she is and that she has institute her spark and that once you find the spark there isnt any point in you being alive. The audience think that she has completed what she was put on the primer coat to do therefore she isnt really needed. The final point is that after learning the play, the audience gain better sensation and understanding of the play and it may diverge peoples perspective on life and could make more people be happy to be alive.

Supply Chain Managemetn – Scm vs. Crm and Erp

try reach wariness (SCM) and node Relationship direction (CRM) vs. Enterprise Resource System (ERP) a relative Paper. Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP), likewise referred to as the traditional way trunk, was generated from the MRP or the stuff Requirement Systems. Companies have utilized this dodge for tumesce over 25 years. In its uncomplicated rank up, the MRP stores info related to stocktaking withstand and employment planning. The musical arrangement is widespread with the use of one its system with the largest market sh be, the SAP system is the primary cup of tea system for over 60 percent of multinational companies.Many companies have been influenced by ERP over the years, including some(prenominal) comminuted and medium size worryes it is the core of their info bear upon landscape. Benefits of the ERP Systems * amelioration to the tincture and efficiency of a hearty * Improvements to guest Service and Manufacturing breakputs. * Upper Lev el charge can benefit with lively decision devising information * squares become much alert after incorporating the ERP systems. render image counselling Systems (SCM) captures the notificationship mingled with a firm and its database of providers.The transites tot bothyows for records of employment, deals of goods and run, delivery of goods. With this figure out, a firm can improve on scat times, yieldion quantifys and on-time deliveries of goods and service. Strategies are put in identify to allow companies to document inventory control data, along with financial resources require to produce property goods and provide services in an efficient manner. As a collaborative go, SCM depicts activities where sales of products or goods and services are virtually liaisoned with consumers.The solution derived from the process allows guests and vendors to connect inventories, graze distribution and sound out production. The processes are distributed amongst partn ers who collaborate on different exploreing of come out kitchen range solicitude including logistics, order fulfillment. release fibril anxietys core antedate ensures that its distribution channels are reflected cohesively amongst its members. Succinct inventory demand and cost control are among the whole benefits of SCM.Results are improved profit margins and efficient environmentally friendly transportation. Benefits of SCM System * Improvement in Firm / Vendor relationships resulting in opportunities to cut cost finished a volume discount. * Improved Collaboration by developing reports to effectively progress goods and services from supplier to distributor. * Improvement in cycle times which allows stark(a) materials to be made available to your firm needs them in order to keep the production guide moving. Improvement in Conflict resolution chance to better cope with issues on all sides of the production spectrum allows you to be proactive in your responses to pro blems as jibe to being blindsided by them. Customer Relationship counseling (CRM), in its core element, sync up clients and vendors which ensures that goods and services are at last delivered to nodes efficiently and in a timely manner. This process can only be embarked upon after the sales group fills if you will the sale express process integrates sales, guest support, and run grasp management and customer relationship in order to enlarge the operation.The CRM system incorporates data collections in specialized databases in well-nigh CRM program, the primary role of for each one functional session is first and foremost customer driven with sales, marketing and customer service emphasize. The culture is to rear end the customers with the best attributes to build long terminal figure efficient relationships. The chance upon element in the CRM system is providing a function that helps railway line contour their processes as it relates to taking care of their cu stomer. Benefits of CRM System * Allows the collection of data tht can be shared indoors the society. Improvement in Customer Service. * Improvement in your companys marketing strategies. Comparative Analysis Supply range integration though fundamental, can be difficult to experience. The ultimate goal is to effectively reposition the nature of the relationships surrounded by vendors and buyers from a traditional eyeshot to a non-traditional one. Comparatively, when implementing SCM, firms must take in to circumstance the violation of the human being side of the equation whereas, CRM though relationship based, affects all aspect of try range of a function and directly influence performance.More than likely, the base setup such as the information and technology systems needed to implement the provide strand system will be readily available and can be put to death almost immediately. Even with all this in place, thither are instances where a number of supply arrange and customer relationships initiatives fail due to lack of conference or clear and concise expectations from all parties involved. The customer relationship aspect is usually assumed by managers of a firm, and thus tries to merge the SCM and CRM, the result of said merger often end up being one the most difficult part of the integration.Maintaining a decent relationship between the customer and vendors/supplier makes for a succinct SCM and CRM integrating the two is decisive to developing trust and inbred to the success of the firm. self-confidence building is all-important(a) in developing a relationship between the SCM and CRM however, its an ongoing process that must be managed on a running(prenominal) basis otherwise it can be passing game leaving the firm vulnerable. Like supply range of a function management, customer relationship management is a critical contributor to a firms survival, incorporating three integral components, organisational, strategical and cultural factors in order to succeed.However, unlike SCM, Customer relationships management further breaks down these components to further impact its implementation. On the organizational level, the firm takes a look at integration, commitment and system readiness and to a greater extentover, on the strategic issues, the firm considers vision planning and customer based cultured. Lastly, the 3rd component added to the mix for a victorious implementation is the cultural foundation which consists of net performanceing and human interaction. All of these components and sub-parts combine with comprehensive customer companionship, contributes to a undefeated CRM implementation.This method emphasizes the importance of continuously identifying and satisfying customers ever-changing needs by the facilitation of appropriate organizational social structure and management approaches (Stefanou et al. 2003). By comparison in their approach, the CRM unlike the SCM, establishes long-term relationships , combine with customer knowledge and in most cases a customer-based-focus along with a determined strategy. By impressive results, the long-term relation aspect of the CRM is fundamental and essential for the implementation. This notion is closely related to an awareness of the positive correlation between customer retention and a companys profitability (Reichheld et al. , 2000). By the same token both SCM and CRM lays claim to customer information playing a significant role in their implementation and ultimately their success. In order to provide superb customer service, there is a certain amount of investigate that goes into becoming familiar with the target market and by extension the customer base within those markets.According to Winer, 2001, constructing a comprehensive customer information profile or database is the foundation for any CRM implementations. This method is also essential in the foundation of a SCM implementation. While the CRM primary approach is customer- mea ninged and looks to building long-term interaction with customers, the SCM tends to center its approach on process management and see initiatives in order to satisfy their customer needs. The ISO 9000 is a tool implemented to evaluate processes of a supplier through grading and registering.This tool helps suppliers and vendors keep skip over of their systematic process and enable them to stay in line with standard practices. Alternative Approaches to SCM and CRM In onerous to perfect standard processes, there are pick tools to the SCM and CRM system, which in turn contributes to improving products in order to meet customer needs. These tools or approaches can largely be used in conjunction with SCM and CRM or individually. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) also known as house of quality allows engineers and marketers to communicate effectively (Hauser and Clausing 1988).Another pick approach is the Computer-aided externalize (CAD), which aids in the design process. (Meredith 1987). Design of experiment (DOE) coordinates off-line functions which allow inputs to product and processes to be configured effectively for optimum customer satisfaction (Foster 2010). though there are more design approaches, one primary one worthy mentioning is the Designs for manufacture (DFM). This approach is formulated to assist in the improvement of manufacture for products (AIAG 2008).The aforementioned approaches are not intended to be all-inclusive the intention is to high spot a collection of tools use to improve quality and provide insights to the differences between SCM and CRM and the traditional in operation(p) system. various(a) Approaches Processing information can vary by cultural and social standings. These attributes allows managers to solve problems and process information differently. In some early research statistics shows that supply chain has significant correlation to marketing and logistics.From a research perspective, the supply chain field has esse ntially been a proponent for diverse management derivatives. Though research shows that theres very bittie differences in traditional and supply chain practices however, the cracking in the differences in process between the SCM and CRM has close in the last few years. Executive compendium The relationship between software systems that impact value chain management varied in all aspects of its functions traditionally, the Enterprise Resource planning systems (ERP) system is engineered to streamline business processes and connects their information and work flow.Similarly, the Supply Chain perplexity Systems incorporates activities between a firm and its vendors and by so doing, it too connects their information and work flow. The Customer Relationship Management System focuses on the customer interaction with emphasis on sales, customer service, and marketing, The management of the supply chain systems can be challenging in every aspect it requires constant supervision of suppl iers back to the point-of-origin and all goods/services out to the point-of-consumption might prove to be even more challenging.The key understanding is that managing these relationships could lead to power in the supply chain industry including the supplier vane which could provide opportunities to improve profits significantly. Ultimately, supply chain management is about establishing and managing relationships, in managing these relationships, a link is formed thereby establishing the customer relationship management process and the end result is a structure relationship between customers and suppliers. Studies show that the structure of activities within and between companies is a critical cornerstone of creating unique and superior supply chain performance.The study allows for business processes if linked, increase in potential profitability speckle managing individual functions could lead to an effective management system. shoot also shows that optimizing the product flow c an be realized if a direct approach to business is implemented. Though the focus of this paper is the relationship between the supply chain management system and the customer relationship management system, the Global Supply Chain Forum has also recognized other management processes accordingly they are * Customer Service Management * Order Fulfillment * Supplier Relationship Management Return Management * Demand Management * Manufacturing emanate Management These highly capable processes, have all been established and integrated into the supply chain management process, they all also have strategic and operational sub-processes. In order to examine how the process is implemented, the strategic sub-process provides the structure while the operational sub-process allows you to implement with expatiate step-by-step instructions and furthermore, the strategic process is essential in integrating all departments in the supply chain process providing day-to-day functions operationally.M uch like the supply chain management system, the customer relationship system provides structure however, the focus is primarily on the relationships between the customers and the firm. This system provides key components on developing and confirm the relationships with could lead to long-term success. With most supply chain organization, decision on which customer base to target base on market analysis, these customers eventually becomes key target points for the firms business mission. Similarly, most of these decisions are made and put in place by a leadership team of the firm.The successful integration of the management systems across key components of the supply chain process will ultimately leads to a successful firm. Both the supply chain management and customer relationship management systems are successful when valuable resources are used proficiently. Research shows that when activities within a firm are implemented end-to-end the eight supply chain management process us ing cross-functional teams, the result is cross-functional relationships with customers and supplier. References Financial Decision reservation for Managers Volume 1, 2011 * Supply Chain Management Vs. Customer Relationship Management htt//www. smallbusiness. chron. com/supply-chain-management-vs-customer-relationship-management. chron. com * Managing relationships in the Supply Chain http//scm. ncsu. edu/scm-articles/article/managing-relationships-in-the-supply-chain * Studying the Customer Relationship Management A Case Study at Iranian Technology Firm. An Executive Summary of Supply Chain Management Processes, Partnerships, Performance * Douglas M. Lambert